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env(1) run a program in a modified environment
env(1P, 1p) set the environment for command invocation
ENV(1) User Commands ENV(1)

env - run a program in a modified environment

env [OPTION]... [-] [NAME=VALUE]... [COMMAND [ARG]...]

Set each NAME to VALUE in the environment and run COMMAND.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

start with an empty environment
-0, --null
end each output line with NUL, not newline
remove variable from the environment
change working directory to DIR
process and split S into separate arguments; used to pass multiple arguments on shebang lines
block delivery of SIG signal(s) to COMMAND
reset handling of SIG signal(s) to the default
set handling of SIG signal(s) to do nothing
list non default signal handling to stderr
print verbose information for each processing step
display this help and exit
output version information and exit

A mere - implies -i. If no COMMAND, print the resulting environment.

SIG may be a signal name like 'PIPE', or a signal number like '13'. Without SIG, all known signals are included. Multiple signals can be comma-separated. An empty SIG argument is a no-op.

125
if the env command itself fails
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if COMMAND is found but cannot be invoked
127
if COMMAND cannot be found
-
the exit status of COMMAND otherwise

-S/--split-string usage in scripts

The -S option allows specifying multiple parameters in a script. Running a script named 1.pl containing the following first line:

#!/usr/bin/env -S perl -w -T
...

Will execute perl -w -T 1.pl .

Without the '-S' parameter the script will likely fail with:

/usr/bin/env: 'perl -w -T': No such file or directory

See the full documentation for more details.

--default-signal[=SIG] usage

This option allows setting a signal handler to its default action, which is not possible using the traditional shell trap command. The following example ensures that seq will be terminated by SIGPIPE no matter how this signal is being handled in the process invoking the command.

sh -c 'env --default-signal=PIPE seq inf | head -n1'

POSIX's exec(3p) pages says:

"many existing applications wrongly assume that they start with certain signals set to the default action and/or unblocked.... Therefore, it is best not to block or ignore signals across execs without explicit reason to do so, and especially not to block signals across execs of arbitrary (not closely cooperating) programs."

Written by Richard Mlynarik, David MacKenzie, and Assaf Gordon.

GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>

Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

sigaction(2), sigprocmask(2), signal(7)

Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/env>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) env invocation'

February 2024 GNU coreutils 9.4